Many of today's antibiotics are now actually semi-synthetic and some are even made synthetically.Īntibiotics are metabolic products of one microorganism that inhibit or kill other microorganisms. Chemotherapeutic synthetic drugs are antimicrobial drugs synthesized by chemical procedures in the laboratory. Antibiotics are metabolic products of one microorganism that inhibit or kill other microorganisms. There are two categories of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents: antibiotics and synthetic drugs. A cidal agent kills the organism while a static agent inhibits the organism's growth long enough for body defenses to remove it. As mentioned above, such agents may be cidal or static in their action. A broad spectrum agent is one generally effective against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria a narrow spectrum agent generally works against just Gram-positives, Gram-negatives, or only a few bacteria. Selective toxicity means that the chemical being used should inhibit or kill the intended pathogen without seriously harming the host. The basis of chemotherapeutic control of bacteria is selective toxicity. Control of microorganisms by means of physical agents will be covered in Lab 18 and control by means of disinfectants, antiseptics, and sanitizers will be discussed in Lab 19. In this unit we will concentrate on the chemical control of microbial growth with a special emphasis on the antibiotics and chemotherapeutic antimicrobial chemicals used in treating bacterial infections. Control by chemical agents refers to the use of disinfectants, antiseptics, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic antimicrobial chemicals. Physical agents include such methods of control as high or low temperature, desiccation, osmotic pressure, radiation, and filtration. Microorganisms are controlled by means of physical agents and chemical agents. \( \newcommand\)Ĭontrol of microorganisms is essential in order to prevent the transmission of diseases and infection, stop decomposition and spoilage, and prevent unwanted microbial contamination.
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